PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS PESSOAIS NO SISTEMA DE JUSTIÇA: O MODELO EUROPEU INTEGRADO E PROPOSTAS INOVADORAS PARA GOVERNANÇA DE INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL (IA) NO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO BRASILEIRO
Abstract
A União Europeia consolidou o ecossistema jurídico mais avançado do mundo em proteção de dados pessoais no sistema de justiça. Este artigo analisa como o General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Regulamento Geral de Proteção de Dados Europeu -, a Diretiva 680/2016 (Law Enforcement Directive - LED), o AI Act e a NIS 2 operam de forma integrada, criando um modelo normativo que equilibra a independência judicial e a proteção de dados na era digital. A pesquisa também demonstra que a Resolução nº 281/2023 do Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público (CNMP) brasileiro estabelece fundamentos técnicos surpreendentemente convergentes com os padrões europeus, abrindo caminho para a incorporação de tecnologias emergentes de forma segura e constitucionalmente orientada. A partir dessa análise comparada, propõem-se duas inovações institucionais: (1) o desenvolvimento, pela Unidade Especial de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (UEPDAP), de competências especializadas em supervisão e auditoria de sistemas de inteligência artificial; e (2) a criação de um Observatório de Inteligência Artificial e Proteção de Dados para o Ministério Público brasileiro. Essas propostas contribuem para a consolidação de uma governança digital robusta e replicável, fundamentada em boas práticas internacionais e na integração entre Direito, tecnologia e accountability pública.
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